#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Part of the PsychoPy library
# Copyright (C) 2018 Jonathan Peirce
# Distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

"""Idea: Run or debug an experiment script using exactly the same code,
i.e., for both testing and online data acquisition. To debug timing,
you can emulate sync pulses and user responses.
Limitations: pyglet only; keyboard events only.
"""

from __future__ import absolute_import, print_function

from builtins import range
import threading

from psychopy import visual, event, core, logging
from psychopy.sound import Sound  # for SyncGenerator tone

__author__ = 'Jeremy Gray'


class ResponseEmulator(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, simResponses=None):
        """Class to allow simulation of a user's keyboard responses
        during  a scan.

        Given a list of response tuples (time, key), the thread will
        simulate a user pressing a key at a specific time (relative to
        the start of the run).

        Author: Jeremy Gray; Idea: Mike MacAskill
        """
        if not simResponses:
            self.responses = []
        else:
            self.responses = sorted(simResponses)  # sort by onset times
        self.clock = core.Clock()
        self.stopflag = False
        threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, 'ResponseEmulator', None)
        self.running = False

    def run(self):
        self.running = True
        self.clock.reset()
        last_onset = 0.000
        # wait until next event requested, and simulate a key press
        for onset, key in self.responses:
            core.wait(float(onset) - last_onset)
            if type(key) == int:
                # avoid cryptic error if int
                key = "{}".format(key)[0]
            if type(key) == type(""):
                event._onPygletKey(symbol=key, modifiers=0, emulated=True)
            else:
                logging.error('ResponseEmulator: only keyboard events '
                              'are supported')
            last_onset = onset
            if self.stopflag:
                break
        self.running = False
        return self

    def stop(self):
        self.stopflag = True


class SyncGenerator(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, TR=1.0, TA=1.0, volumes=10, sync='5', skip=0,
                 sound=False, **kwargs):
        """Class for a character-emitting metronome thread
        (emulate MR sync pulse).

        Aim: Allow testing of temporal robustness of fMRI scripts by emulating
        a hardware sync pulse. Adds an arbitrary 'sync' character to the key
        buffer, with sub-millisecond precision (less precise if CPU is maxed).
        Recommend: TR=1.000 or higher and less than 100% CPU. Shorter TR
        --> higher CPU load.

        Parameters:
            TR:      seconds between volume acquisitions
            TA:      seconds to acquire one volume
            volumes: number of 3D volumes to obtain in a given scanning run
            sync:    character used as flag for sync timing, default='5'
            skip:    how many frames to silently omit initially during T1
                     stabilization, no sync pulse. Not needed to test script
                     timing, but will give more accurate feel to start of run.
                     aka "discdacqs".
            sound:   simulate scanner noise
        """
        if TR < 0.1:
            msg = 'SyncGenerator:  whole-brain TR < 0.1 not supported'
            raise ValueError(msg)
        self.TR = TR
        self.TA = TA
        self.hogCPU = 0.035
        self.timesleep = self.TR
        self.volumes = int(volumes)
        self.sync = sync
        self.skip = skip
        self.playSound = sound
        if self.playSound:  # pragma: no cover
            self.sound1 = Sound(800, secs=self.TA, volume=0.15, autoLog=False)
            self.sound2 = Sound(813, secs=self.TA, volume=0.15, autoLog=False)

        self.clock = core.Clock()
        self.stopflag = False
        threading.Thread.__init__(self, None, 'SyncGenerator', None)
        self.running = False

    def run(self):
        self.running = True
        if self.skip:
            for i in range(int(self.skip)):
                if self.playSound:  # pragma: no cover
                    self.sound1.play()
                    self.sound2.play()
                # emulate T1 stabilization without data collection
                core.wait(self.TR, hogCPUperiod=0)
        self.clock.reset()
        for vol in range(1, self.volumes + 1):
            if self.playSound:  # pragma: no cover
                self.sound1.play()
                self.sound2.play()
            if self.stopflag:
                break
            # "emit" a sync pulse by placing a key in the buffer:
            event._onPygletKey(symbol=self.sync, modifiers=0,
                               emulated=True)
            # wait for start of next volume, doing our own hogCPU for
            # tighter sync:
            core.wait(self.timesleep - self.hogCPU, hogCPUperiod=0)
            while self.clock.getTime() < vol * self.TR:
                pass  # hogs the CPU for tighter sync
        self.running = False
        return self

    def stop(self):
        self.stopflag = True


def launchScan(win, settings, globalClock=None, simResponses=None,
               mode=None, esc_key='escape',
               instr='select Scan or Test, press enter',
               wait_msg="waiting for scanner...",
               wait_timeout=300, log=True):
    """Accepts up to four fMRI scan parameters (TR, volumes, sync-key, skip),
    and launches an experiment in one of two modes: Scan, or Test.

    :Usage:
        See Coder Demo -> experiment control -> fMRI_launchScan.py.

        In brief: 1) from psychopy.hardware.emulator import launchScan;
        2) Define your args; and 3) add 'vol = launchScan(args)'
        at the top of your experiment script.

    launchScan() waits for the first sync pulse and then returns, allowing
    your experiment script to proceed. The key feature is that, in test mode,
    it first starts an autonomous thread that emulates sync pulses (i.e.,
    emulated by your CPU rather than generated by an MRI machine). The
    thread places a character in the key buffer, exactly like a keyboard
    event does. launchScan will wait for the first such sync pulse (i.e.,
    character in the key buffer). launchScan returns the number of sync pulses
    detected so far (i.e., 1), so that a script can account for them
    explicitly.

    If a globalClock is given (highly recommended), it is reset to 0.0 when
    the first sync pulse is detected. If a mode was not specified when calling
    launchScan, the operator is prompted to select Scan or Test.

    If **scan mode** is selected, the script will wait until the first scan
    pulse is detected. Typically this would be coming from the scanner, but
    note that it could also be a person manually pressing that key.

    If **test mode** is selected, launchScan() starts a separate thread to
    emit sync pulses / key presses. Note that this thread is effectively
    nothing more than a key-pressing metronome, emitting a key at the start
    of every TR, doing so with high temporal precision.

    If your MR hardware interface does not deliver a key character as a sync
    flag, you can still use launchScan() to test script timing. You have to
    code your experiment to trigger on either a sync character (to test
    timing) or your usual sync flag (for actual scanning).

    :Parameters:
        win: a :class:`~psychopy.visual.Window` object (required)

        settings : a dict containing up to 5 parameters
            (2 required: TR, volumes)

            TR :
                seconds per whole-brain volume (minimum value = 0.1s)
            volumes :
                number of whole-brain (3D) volumes to obtain in a given
                scanning run.
            sync :
                (optional) key for sync timing, default = '5'.
            skip :
                (optional) how many volumes to silently omit initially
                (during T1 stabilization, no sync pulse). default = 0.
            sound :
                (optional) whether to play a sound when simulating scanner
                sync pulses

        globalClock :
            optional but highly recommended :class:`~psychopy.core.Clock` to
            be used during the scan; if one is given, it is reset to 0.000
            when the first sync pulse is received.

        simResponses :
            optional list of tuples [(time, key), (time, key), ...]. time
            values are seconds after the first scan pulse is received.

        esc_key :
            key to be used for user-interrupt during launch.
            default = 'escape'

        mode :
            if mode is 'Test' or 'Scan', launchScan() will start in that mode.

        instr :
            instructions to be displayed to the scan operator during mode
            selection.

        wait_msg :
            message to be displayed to the subject while waiting for the
            scan to start (i.e., after operator indicates start but before
            the first scan pulse is received).

        wait_timeout :
            time in seconds that launchScan will wait before assuming
            something went wrong and exiting. Defaults to 300sec (5 min).
            Raises a RuntimeError if no sync pulse is received in the
            allowable time.
    """

    if not 'sync' in settings:
        settings.update({'sync': '5'})
    if not 'skip' in settings:
        settings.update({'skip': 0})
    try:
        wait_timeout = max(0.01, float(wait_timeout))
    except ValueError:
        msg = "wait_timeout must be number-like, but instead it was {}."
        raise ValueError(msg.format(wait_timeout))
    settings['sync'] = "{}".format(settings['sync'])  # convert to str/unicode
    settings['TR'] = float(settings['TR'])
    settings['volumes'] = int(settings['volumes'])
    settings['skip'] = int(settings['skip'])
    msg = "vol: %(volumes)d  TR: %(TR).3fs  skip: %(skip)d  sync: '%(sync)s'"
    runInfo = msg % settings
    if log:  # pragma: no cover
        logging.exp('launchScan: ' + runInfo)
    instructions = visual.TextStim(
        win, text=instr, height=.05, pos=(0, 0), color=.4, autoLog=False)
    parameters = visual.TextStim(
        win, text=runInfo, height=.05, pos=(0, -0.5), color=.4, autoLog=False)

    # if a valid mode was specified, use it; otherwise query via RatingScale:
    mode = "{}".format(mode).capitalize()
    if mode not in ['Scan', 'Test']:
        run_type = visual.RatingScale(win, choices=['Scan', 'Test'],
                                      marker='circle',
                                      markerColor='DarkBlue', size=.8,
                                      stretch=.3, pos=(0.8, -0.9),
                                      markerStart='Test',
                                      lineColor='DarkGray', autoLog=False)
        while run_type.noResponse:
            instructions.draw()
            parameters.draw()
            run_type.draw()
            win.flip()
            if event.getKeys([esc_key]):
                break
        mode = run_type.getRating()
    doSimulation = bool(mode == 'Test')

    win.mouseVisible = False
    if doSimulation:
        wait_msg += ' (simulation)'
    msg = visual.TextStim(win, color='DarkGray', text=wait_msg, autoLog=False)
    msg.draw()
    win.flip()

    event.clearEvents()  # do before starting the threads
    if doSimulation:
        syncPulse = SyncGenerator(**settings)
        syncPulse.start()  # start emitting sync pulses
        core.runningThreads.append(syncPulse)
        if simResponses:
            roboResponses = ResponseEmulator(simResponses)
            # start emitting simulated user responses
            roboResponses.start()
            core.runningThreads.append(roboResponses)

    # wait for first sync pulse:
    timeoutClock = core.Clock()  # zeroed now
    allKeys = []
    while not settings['sync'] in allKeys:
        allKeys = event.getKeys()
        if esc_key and esc_key in allKeys:  # pragma: no cover
            core.quit()
        if timeoutClock.getTime() > wait_timeout:
            msg = 'Waiting for scanner has timed out in %.3f seconds.'
            raise RuntimeError(msg % wait_timeout)
    if globalClock:
        globalClock.reset()
    if log:  # pragma: no cover
        logging.exp('launchScan: start of scan')
    # blank the screen on first sync pulse received:
    win.flip()
    # one sync pulse has been caught so far:
    elapsed = 1

    return elapsed
