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        "author": "Matthias Bussonnier",
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        "description": "# Undefined\n\nEver needed a global object that act as `None` but not quite ?\n\nLike for example key-word argument for function, where `None` make sens, so you need a default value.\n\nOne solution is to create as singleton object:\n\n```\nmysingleton = object()\n```\n\nThough it becomes difficult to track the singleton across libraries,\nand teach users where to import this from. \n\nIt's also relatively annoying use this singleton across library. \n\n\nIntroducing `undefined`:\n\n```\n>>> import undefined\n>>> from undefined import Undefined\n>>> undefined is Undefined\nTrue\n```\n\n\n# behavior\n\nIt work (for now) mostly like a singleton object\n\nThough it's neither truthy not falsy\n\n```\n>>> if undefined: print(True)\nraise NotImplementedError\n```\n\n# Casing ?\n\nBecause it is a module you can use it lowercase:\n\n```\nimport undefined\n```\n\nBecause it looks more like a keyword (`None`, `True`, `False`), you can use it upper case:\n\n```\nimport undefined as Undefined\n```\n\nor\n\n```\nfrom undefined import Undefined\n```\n\nI tend to be torn between lowercase, for simplicity, and Uppercase.\n\n\n# Why not `None`, difference with `None`\n\n`undefined` is likely slower, and as it is a regular Python object there are a few  on purpose (or not difference).\n\n### Unlike `None`, you can assign to it\n\n```\n>>> None = 3 \nSyntaxError: can't assign to keyword\n```\n\n```\n>>> undefined = 3\n>>> undefned\n3\n```\n\n### Unlike `None`, `undefined` is mutable\n\n```\n>>> undefined.value = 42\n>>> undefined.value\n42\n```\n\n(might be able to fix that with `__get_attr__`\n\n### Unlike `None`, `undefined` is neither true not false.\n\nIf you test for boolean value of `undefind` if will raise. \nThat is to say: the following will fail:\n\n```\nvalue = undefined\nif value:\n   pass # will raise before reaching here.\n```\n\nYou have to check for identity:\n\n```\nvalue = undefined\nother = 1\nif value is undefined:\n    pass # will execute\n```\n\nfor info, undefined is not `True`,`False`, not undefined with respect to identity\n\n```\n>>> undefined is True\nFalse\n\n>>> undefined is False\nFalse\n\n>>>: undefined is None\nFalse\n```\n\n### String form\n\n`str(undefined)` raises. `repr(undefined)` is the unicode string `'Undefined'`\n",
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