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        "author": "Timm Wagener",
        "author_email": "wagenertimm@gmail.com",
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            "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
            "Intended Audience :: Developers",
            "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
            "Natural Language :: English",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 2",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.3",
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        "description": "===========================\nImmutable default arguments\n===========================\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/immutable-default-args.svg\n    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/immutable-default-args\n    :alt: PyPI Package\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/immutable-default-args.svg\n    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/immutable-default-args\n    :alt: PyPI Python Versions\n\n.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/immutable-default-args.svg\n    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/immutable-default-args\n    :alt: PyPI Package License\n\n.. image:: https://travis-ci.org/timmwagener/immutable_default_args.svg?branch=develop\n    :target: https://travis-ci.org/timmwagener/immutable_default_args\n    :alt: Current build status for Travis CI\n\n.. image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/l67sbo0uis1kyxe9?svg=true\n    :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/timmwagener/immutable-default-args\n    :alt: Current build status for AppVeyor\n\n.. image:: https://landscape.io/github/timmwagener/immutable_default_args/develop/landscape.svg?style=flat\n   :target: https://landscape.io/github/timmwagener/immutable_default_args/develop\n   :alt: Code Health\n\n----\n\nThis module provides facilities for turning mutable default function arguments\ninto immutable ones. It is fairly lightweight and has no non-standard dependencies.\nYou can install this package with the standard ``pip`` command::\n\n    $ pip install immutable_default_args\n\nThe issue with `mutable argument default values <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1132941/least-astonishment-in-python-the-mutable-default-argument>`_ is pretty well known in Python.\nBasically mutable default values are assigned once at define time and can then\nbe modified within the function body which might come as a surprise.\nHere is the example from the `stackoverfow <http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1132941/least-astonishment-in-python-the-mutable-default-argument>`_ thread::\n\n    def foo(a=[]):\n        a.append(5)\n        return a\n\n    >>> foo()\n    [5]\n    >>> foo()\n    [5, 5]\n    >>> foo()\n    [5, 5, 5]\n    ...\n\nThe default way of preventing this behaviour is to use ``None`` as the default\nand check for it in the function body, like so::\n\n    def foo(a=None):\n        a = a if (type(a) is list) else []\n        a.append(5)\n        return a\n\n    >>> foo()\n    [5]\n    >>> foo()\n    [5]\n    ...\n\nUsage\n-----\n\nThis package aims to offer two additional options to fix this issue:\n\n* With a handy function decorator ``@fix_mutable_kwargs`` to fix a certain function.\n* With a metaclass ``ImmutableDefaultArguments`` to fix all *methods*, *classmethods* and *staticmethods* at once.\n\nUsing the decorator::\n\n    from immutable_default_args import fix_mutable_kwargs\n\n    @fix_mutable_kwargs\n    def foo(a=[]):\n        a.append(5)\n        return a\n\n    >>> foo()\n    [5]\n    >>> foo()\n    [5]\n    ...\n\nIt doesn't matter if the iterable is empty or not::\n\n    @fix_mutable_kwargs\n    def foo(a=[1, 2, {'key': 'value'}, 3, 4]):\n        a.append(5)\n        return a\n\n    >>> foo()\n    [1, 2, {'key': 'value'}, 3, 4, 5]\n    >>> foo()\n    [1, 2, {'key': 'value'}, 3, 4, 5]\n    ...\n\nFixing all mutable default values for all methods of an object via the\n``ImmutableDefaultArguments`` metaclass::\n\n    class Foo(object):\n\n        __metaclass__ = ImmutableDefaultArguments  # Py2 syntax\n\n        def foo(self, a=[]):\n            a.append(5)\n            return a\n\n        @classmethod  # staticmethods work as well\n        def foo_classmethod(cls, a=[]):\n            a.append(5)\n            return a\n\n    instance_of_foo = Foo()\n    >>> instance_of_foo.foo()\n    [5]\n    >>> instance_of_foo.foo()\n    [5]\n    ...\n    >>> Foo.foo_classmethod()\n    [5]\n    >>> Foo.foo_classmethod()\n    [5]\n\nCompatibility\n-------------\n\nThe ``immutable_default_args`` package is tested against Py2/3 and is supported\nfrom *Py2.7* upstream.\n\nChangelog\n---------\n\n0.0.8 *(08.05.2016)*\n********************\n* Add .landscape.yml and badges and more jazz.\n\n0.0.7 *(08.05.2016)*\n********************\n* Add *CI* and badges and all that jazz.\n\n0.0.5 *(08.05.2016)*\n********************\n* Fixed documentation\n\n0.0.2 *(08.05.2016)*\n********************\n* Added ``@fix_mutable_kwargs`` decorator\n* Refactorings/Cleanup\n\n0.0.1 *(08.05.2016)*\n********************\n* First release. Included only ``ImmutableDefaultArguments`` metaclass\n\nLicense\n-------\n\nYou are free to do whatever you like with the code. Please note that I am not\naccountable for anything that might have happened as a result of executing the\ncode from the ``immutable_default_args`` package....ever.",
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