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        "author": "Benjamin Fogle",
        "author_email": "benfogle@gmail.com",
        "bugtrack_url": null,
        "classifiers": [
            "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
            "Intended Audience :: Developers",
            "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
            "Topic :: Software Development :: Build Tools"
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        "description": "Virtual Envrionments for Cross-Compiling Python Extension Modules\n=============================================================================\n\nPorting a Python app to an embedded device can be complicated. Once you have\nPython built for your system, you may find yourself needing to include many\nthird-party libraries. Pure-Python libraries usually just work, but many\npopular libraries rely on compiled C code, which can be challenging to build.\n\nThis package is a tool for cross-compiling extension modules. It creates a\nspecial virtual environment such that ``pip`` or ``setup.py`` will cross\ncompile packages for you, usually with no further work on your part.\n\nIt can be used to:\n\n* Build binary wheels, for installation on target.\n* Install packages to a directory for upload or inclusion in a firmware image.\n\n**Note**: While this tool can cross-compile *most* Python packages, it can't\nsolve all the problems of cross-compiling. In some cases manual intervention\nmay still be necessary.\n\nThis tool requires Python 3.5 or higher (host and build). Significant work has\ngone into cross-compiling Python in newer versions, and many of the techniques\nneeded to do the cross compilation properly are not available on older\nreleases.\n\nThis tool currently only supports Linux build machines.\n\n\nVocabulary\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Host          | The machine you are building **for**. (Android, iOS, other |\n|               | embedded systems.)                                         |\n+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Build         | The machine you are building **on**. (Probably your        |\n|               | desktop.)                                                  |\n+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Host-python   | The compiled Python binary and libraries that run on Host  |\n+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Build-python  | The compiled Python binary and libraries that run on       |\n|               | Build.                                                     |\n+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n| Cross-python  | Build-python, configured specially to build packages that  |\n|               | can be run with Host-python. This tool creates             |\n|               | Cross-python.                                              |\n+---------------+------------------------------------------------------------+\n\n\nHow it works\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCross-python is set up carefully so that it reports all system information\nexactly as Host-python would. When done correctly, a side effect of this is\nthat ``distutils`` and ``setuptools`` will cross-compile when building\npackages. All of the normal packaging machinery still works correctly, so\ndependencies, ABI tags, and so forth all work as expected.\n\n\nRequirements\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nYou will need:\n\n1. A version of Python (3.5 or later) that runs on Build. (Build-python.)\n2. A version of Python that will run on Host. (Host-python.) This must be the\n   *same version* as Build-python.\n3. The cross-compiling toolchain used to make Host-python. Make sure you set\n   PATH correctly to use it.\n4. Any libraries your modules depend on, cross-compiled and installed\n   somewhere Cross-python can get to them. For example, the ``cryptography``\n   package depends on OpenSSL and libffi.\n\n\nInstallation\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nCrossenv can be installed using pip::\n\n    $ pip install crossenv\n\n\nUsage\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\nTo create the virtual environment::\n\n    $ /path/to/build/python3 -m crossenv /path/to/host/python3 venv\n\nThis creates a folder named ``venv`` that contains two subordinate virtual\nenvironments: one for Build-python, and one for Cross-python. When activated,\n``python`` (or its alias ``cross-python``) can be used for cross compiling. If\nneeded, packages can be installed on Build (e.g., a package requires Cython to\ninstall) with ``build-python``. There are equivalent ``pip``, ``cross-pip``,\nand ``build-pip`` commands.\n\nThe cross-compiler to use, along with any extra flags needed, are taken from\ninformation recorded when Host-python was compiled.  To activate the\nenvironment::\n\n    $ . venv/bin/activate\n\nYou can now see that ``python`` seems to think it's running on Host::\n\n    (cross) $ python -m sysconfig\n    ...\n\nNow you can cross compile! To install a package to\n``venv/cross/lib/python3.6/site-packages``, you can use pip directly::\n\n    (cross) $ pip -v install numpy\n    ...\n\nYou can use ``setup.py`` to build wheels::\n\n    (cross) $ pip install wheel\n    (cross) $ pip download numpy\n    Collecting numpy\n      Using cached numpy-1.14.1.zip\n      Saved ./numpy-1.14.1.zip\n    Successfully downloaded numpy\n    (cross) $ unzip -q ./numpy-1.14.1.zip\n    (cross) $ cd numpy-1.14.1\n    (cross) $ python setup.py bdist_wheel\n    ...\n\nWhen you need packages like Cython or cffi installed to build another module,\nsometimes satisfying dependencies can get tricky. If you simply ``pip install``\nthe module, you may find it builds Cython as a prerequisite *for the host* and\nthen tries to run it on the build machine. This will fail, of course, but if we\ninstall the necessary package for ``build-python``, then ``pip`` will pick up\nthe correct version during install.\n\nFor example, to build bcrypt and python-cryptography::\n\n    (cross) $ build-pip install cffi\n    (cross) $ pip install bcrypt\n    (cross) $ pip install cryptography\n\nSome packages do explicit checks for existence of a package. For instance, a\npackage may do a check for Cython (other than simply trying to import it)\nbefore proceeding with installation. If a package is installed with\n``build-pip``, etc., then setuptools in ``cross-python`` does not recognize it\nas installed. (Note that you can still import it even if setuptools can't see\nit, so the naive check of ``import Cython`` will work fine so long as you did\n``build-pip install Cython`` earlier.) This is by design. To selectively expose\nbuild-python packages so that setuptools will count them as installed, you can\nuse the ``cross-expose`` script installed in the virtual environment.\n\nKnown Limitations\n-----------------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n* Upgrading ``cross-pip`` and ``build-pip`` must be done carefully, and it's\n  best not to do so unless you need to. If you need to: upgrade ``cross-pip``\n  first, then ``build-pip``.\n\n* When installing scripts, the shebang (``#!``) line is wrong. This will\n  need to be fixed up before using on Host.\n\n* Any dependant libraries used during the build, such as OpenSSL, are *not*\n  packaged in the wheel or install directory. You will need to ensure that\n  these libraries are installed on Host and can be used. This is the normal\n  Python behavior.\n\n* Any setup-time requirement listed in ``setup.py`` under ``setup_requires``\n  will be installed in Cross-python's virtual environment, not Build-python.\n  This will mostly work anyway if they are pure-Python, but for packages\n  with extension modules (Cython, etc.), you will need to install them into\n  Build-python's environment first. It's often a good idea to do a\n  ``build-pip install <whatever>`` prior to ``pip install <whatever>``.\n\n\n",
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