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        "author": "WillowTree Apps DevOps Team",
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        "description": "========================================\n Tango: Scripting Framework for the Web\n========================================\n\nPre-process web content from a variety of sources, one Python script at a time.\n\nTango is a web framework for content middleware, great for respinning content\nfor mobile web sites or repurposing upstream data (no matter how messy) for new\nand improved APIs, built with Python and Flask.\n\n\nOverview\n========\n\nTango targets users who are:\n\n* application developers who need a clean JSON feed from upstream sources.\n* backend developers who have to reuse data from the wild.\n* template developers who implement mobile website designs.\n* client developers who'd like to manage their own templates.\n\nTango supports activities of:\n\n* developing templates in a sandbox environment.\n* sourcing site data from a mashup of sources,\n  and building tools without any concern for request/response details.\n\nTango completely separates site content from it's templates.  Template\ndevelopers work in a ``templates`` directory with pure Jinja2 templates and a\n``static`` directory for assets, including but not limited to images, CSS, and\nJavaScript.  Backend developers work in a site ``stash`` package or module\nwhich declaratively exports content into template contexts for given routes.\nThese ``stash`` module are pure Python scripts with structured yaml metadata in\nmodule docstring.\n\nThe templates, static assets, and stash modules are discovered and integrated\nby the Tango core with the help of ``config.py`` and headers written in yaml.\n\nSee existing sites and examples for more detail.\n\n\nWhat is Tango?\n==============\n\nHere is Tango's plan:\n\n\nAt a glance, Tango...\n---------------------\n\n* is a mobile web framework built with Python\n* is a scripting layer for reflowing data...\n  if you can pull your data via a Python script, you can serve it for free\n* provides a basis for testing data integrity with unit and functional tests\n\n\nBenefits\n--------\n\n* Two teams develop Tango site packages in parallel:\n\n * template developers, implementing designs and arranging content\n * data sourcers, tapping into origin database or site to push content into\n   templates\n\n* Spec-first development\n\n * Tango site developers codify site's URL routes and data using Python & yaml\n   definitions.\n * spec clearly spells out template content -- develop the spec as a collection\n   of yaml headers, then develop templates & data at the same time\n\n* Productivity Measures\n\n * Tango snapshots data - develop templates without fetching data\n * data sourcing occurs outside of web context - develop & unit-test data\n   modules in isolation, in a simple scripting environment\n\n\nSpecifics\n---------\n\n* Tango deploys as a Python WSGI app:\n\n * complies with the WSGI web standard.\n * most deployments use mod_wsgi under Apache httpd.\n * if needed, can readily port to ISAPI interface on Microsoft's IIS platform.\n\n* Tango automates content and deployment on a schedule, including:\n\n * automated deploy using Python standards & automated upgrade using git\n   revision control\n * dynamic views with caching -- cached on a time-to-live schedule via cron\n * failsafe -- data updates which fail do not overwrite production data\n   (essential in productions where an API is built from screen scraping)\n\n* Tango site packages include\n\n * a template package in Python's Jinja2\n * a stash package in Python, using yaml headers, includes stashable content\n * static assets - images, CSS, JavaScript\n * config.py using simple key/value pairs\n\n* Tango supports stand-alone Python scripts where full packages are not needed.\n\n* Templating: Tango uses Python's highly regarded Jinja2 (inspired by Django).\n\n\nStashing Content\n----------------\n\nStashable content is that which can be fetched up front and served to all\nusers.  In a Tango project, this content is scripted in Python modules, which\nhave structured metadata written in yaml.  When serving an application, the\nTango framework walks the ``sitename.stash`` package or module (or accepts a\nsingle Python module for small projects), building all of the application view\nfunctions based on the yaml metadata.  Simple Tango sites are just a ``stash``\npackage with a ``templates`` directory.  A simpler Tango site is just a\n``stash`` package with a config telling Tango to return json.  The simplest\nTango site is single Python module, which is treated as a ``stash`` and is\nuseful in building light APIs.\n\n\nDynamic Content\n---------------\n\nPure dynamic content and forms require custom view functions.  In this case,\nTango builds an ``app`` object from the stash module, and this ``app`` object\nallows for additional routes, view functions, and other features as provided by\nFlask.  Projects without stashable content are effectively just Flask projects\nwhich use utilities/tools provided by Tango.\n\nNeed to drop into Flask development?  Simply::\n\n    from tango.factory.app import build_app\n    app = build_app('sitename')\n\nThis app is a flask.Flask instance ready for any of the APIs provided by `Flask\n<http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/>`_, a full web framework with a small accessible\ncore.\n\n\nOther Notes\n-----------\n\nTango:\n\n* framework reduces web request & response code to 0.\n* developers can theme sites easily using template inheritance and CSS.\n* is a rapid prototyping framework (think *very* rapid), but is ready for\n  primetime & full applications.\n* provides for automated unit and functional tests, testing all the way up to\n  (but not including) browser quirks.\n\nOn redirecting users from the desktop site:\n\n* Most site owners target iPhone, Android, and Blackberry.\n\n * Nearly all of these devices have JavaScript enabled.\n * Use a simple JavaScript redirection script (preferably on every page, but at\n   least the home page).\n\n* For wider device targets:\n\n * Set URL rewrite rules for Apache httpd or IIS.\n * Redirect devices even if JavaScript is disabled.\n\nOn screen scraping:\n\n* Sometimes the client data with the best structure is structured as (X)HTML.\n* Tango does not have a general rule or silver bullet for screen scraping.\n  Each case is treated specially.  Developers study the client's markup, decide\n  which elements to select, and strip/cleanup attributes and tags as needed.\n  Some origin elements and attributes flow through, others are mutated.  For\n  maintenance, this requires a close eye on how the origin site changes.\n\n\nDiscussion Topics\n=================\n\nOn Context\n----------\n\nThroughout the Tango project, there are two uses of the word \"context\":\n\n* The Flask app current in context;\n  here \"context\" is the same as used in the Flask project.\n  (Flask has request contexts and context-locals.)\n* The template context, a collection of variables available in the template;\n  here \"context\" is the same as used in the Jinja project.\n\n\nLogic in Templates?\n-------------------\n\nTemplate developers say that heavy logic should stay out of templates, and\nthere are good reasons for that.  In stark contrast, Tango relies on heavy\nlogic in the templates.  This is intentional; for stashable content, *all*\nrequest-based logic is in the templates.  Where Tango stashes content, there\nare no explicit view functions, only templates and a freestyle data layer.\n\n\nYet Another Web Framework?\n--------------------------\n\nNo, Tango extends Flask, or rather, Tango *builds* Flask, Flask WSGI\napplication objects to be exact.  Flask:\n\n* builds on Werkzeug, a WSGI implementation and toolkit\n* builds on Jinja2, a templating platform\n* allows for a Pythonic app-building pattern\n* provides for extensions with clear conventions\n  (and the Flask committers review & approve these extensions)\n\nTango focuses on the templating platform, completely hides the WSGI layer (but\nexposes APIs to WSGI if needed), establishes a spec-first development pattern\non top of Flask, leverages Flask-related tools & extensions, and as a result,\nmakes the Tango developers more productive in building mobile web sites.\n\nTango is WillowTree's platform on Flask, but is developed for general use.\n\n\nReleases\n========\n\nThe current release is 0.2 (Salida), released on Oct 26, 2011.\nAll releases are guaranteed with 100% statement test coverage.\n\nTango is built for CPython (the reference Python implementation),\nfor versions 2.6 and 2.7.\n\n\nLicense\n=======\n\nBSD.",
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