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    "info": {
        "author": "Ivan Korobkov",
        "author_email": "ivan.korobkov@gmail.com",
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        "classifiers": [
            "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
            "Intended Audience :: Developers",
            "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
            "Operating System :: OS Independent",
            "Programming Language :: Python",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5",
            "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6",
            "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules"
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        "description": "# python-inject [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/ivankorobkov/python-inject.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ivankorobkov/python-inject)\nDependency injection the python way, the good way. Not a port of Guice or Spring.\n\n## Key features\n* Fast.\n* Thread-safe.\n* Simple to use.\n* Does not steal class constructors.\n* Does not try to manage your application object graph.\n* Transparently integrates into tests.\n* Supports Python 2.7 and Python 3.3+.\n* Supports type hinting in Python 3.5+.\n* Autoparams leveraging type annotations.\n\n\n## Installation\nUse pip to install the lastest version:\n\n```bash\npip install inject\n```\n\n## Autoparams example\n`@inject.autoparams` returns a decorator which automatically injects arguments into a function \nthat uses type annotations. This is supported only in Python >= 3.5.\n\n```python\n@inject.autoparams()\ndef refresh_cache(cache: RedisCache, db: DbInterface):\n    pass\n```\n\nThere is an option to specify which arguments we want to inject without attempts of \ninjecting everything:\n\n```python\n@inject.autoparams('cache', 'db')\ndef sign_up(name, email, cache, db):\n    pass\n```\n\n## Step-by-step example\n```python\n# Import the inject module.\nimport inject\n\n\n# `inject.instance` requests dependencies from the injector.\ndef foo(bar):\n    cache = inject.instance(Cache)\n    cache.save('bar', bar)\n\n\n# `inject.params` injects dependencies as keyword arguments or positional argument. \n# Also you can use @inject.autoparams in Python 3.5, see the example above.\n@inject.params(cache=Cache, user=CurrentUser)\ndef baz(foo, cache=None, user=None):\n    cache.save('foo', foo, user)\n\n# this can be called in different ways:\n# with injected arguments\nbaz('foo')\n\n# with positional arguments\nbaz('foo', my_cache)\n\n# with keyword arguments\nbaz('foo', my_cache, user=current_user)\n\n\n# `inject.param` is deprecated, use `inject.params` instead.\n@inject.param('cache', Cache)\ndef bar(foo, cache=None):\n    cache.save('foo', foo)\n\n\n# `inject.attr` creates properties (descriptors) which request dependencies on access.\nclass User(object):\n    cache = inject.attr(Cache)\n            \n    def __init__(self, id):\n        self.id = id\n\n    def save(self):\n        self.cache.save('users', self)\n    \n    @classmethod\n    def load(cls, id):\n        return cls.cache.load('users', id)\n\n\n# Create an optional configuration.\ndef my_config(binder):\n    binder.install(my_config2)  # Add bindings from another config.\n    binder.bind(Cache, RedisCache('localhost:1234'))\n\n# Configure a shared injector.\ninject.configure(my_config)\n\n\n# Instantiate User as a normal class. Its `cache` dependency is injected when accessed.\nuser = User(10)\nuser.save()\n\n# Call the functions, the dependencies are automatically injected.\nfoo('Hello')\nbar('world')\n```\n\n\n## Usage with Django\nDjango can load some modules multiple times which can lead to \n`InjectorException: Injector is already configured`. You can use `configure_once` which\nis guaranteed to run only once when the injector is absent:\n```python\nimport inject\ninject.configure_once(my_config)\n```\n\n## Testing\nIn tests use `inject.clear_and_configure(callable)` to create a new injector on setup,\nand optionally `inject.clear()` to clean up on tear down:\n```python\nclass MyTest(unittest.TestCase):\n    def setUp(self):\n        inject.clear_and_configure(lambda binder: binder\n            .bind(Cache, Mock() \\\n            .bind(Validator, TestValidator())\n    \n    def tearDown(self):\n        inject.clear()\n```\n\n## Thread-safety\nAfter configuration the injector is thread-safe and can be safely reused by multiple threads.\n\n## Binding types\n**Instance** bindings always return the same instance:\n\n```python\nredis = RedisCache(address='localhost:1234')\ndef config(binder):\n    binder.bind(Cache, redis)\n```\n    \n**Constructor** bindings create a singleton on injection:\n\n```python\ndef config(binder):\n    # Creates a redis cache singleton on first injection.\n    binder.bind_to_constructor(Cache, lambda: RedisCache(address='localhost:1234'))\n```\n\n**Provider** bindings call the provider on injection:\n\n```python\ndef get_my_thread_local_cache():\n    pass\n\ndef config(binder):\n    # Executes the provider on each injection.\n    binder.bind_to_provider(Cache, get_my_thread_local_cache) \n```\n\n**Runtime** bindings automatically create singletons on injection, require no configuration.\nFor example, only the `Config` class binding is present, other bindings are runtime:\n\n```python\nclass Config(object):\n    pass\n\nclass Cache(object):\n    config = inject.attr(Config)\n\nclass Db(object):\n    config = inject.attr(Config)\n\nclass User(object):\n    cache = inject.attr(Cache)\n    db = inject.attr(Db)\n    \n    @classmethod\n    def load(cls, user_id):\n        return cls.cache.load('users', user_id) or cls.db.load('users', user_id)\n    \ninject.configure(lambda binder: binder.bind(Config, load_config_file()))\nuser = User.load(10)\n```\n## Disabling runtime binding\nSometimes runtime binding leads to unexpected behaviour.  Say if you forget\nto bind an instance to a class, `inject` will try to implicitly instantiate it.\n\nIf an instance is unintentionally created with default arguments it may lead to\nhard-to-debug bugs.  To disable runtime binding and make sure that only \nexplicitly bound instances are injected, pass `bind_in_runtime=False` \nto `inject.configure`, `inject.configure_once` or `inject.clear_and_configure`.\n\nIn this case `inject` immediately raises `InjectorException` when the code\ntries to get an unbound instance.\n\n## Keys\nIt is possible to use any hashable object as a binding key. For example:\n\n```python\nimport inject\n\ninject.configure(lambda binder: \\\n    binder.bind('host', 'localhost') \\\n    binder.bind('port', 1234))\n```\n\n## Why no scopes?\nI've used Guice and Spring in Java for a lot of years, and I don't like their scopes.\n`python-inject` by default creates objects as singletons. It does not need a prototype scope\nas in Spring or NO_SCOPE as in Guice because `python-inject` does not steal your class \nconstructors. Create instances the way you like and then inject dependencies into them.\n\nOther scopes such as a request scope or a session scope are fragile, introduce high coupling,\nand are difficult to test. In `python-inject` write custom providers which can be thread-local, \nrequest-local, etc.\n\nFor example, a thread-local current user provider:\n\n```python\nimport inject\nimport threading\n\n# Given a user class.\nclass User(object):\n    pass\n\n# Create a thread-local current user storage.\n_LOCAL = threading.local()\n\ndef get_current_user():\n    return getattr(_LOCAL, 'user', None)\n\ndef set_current_user(user):\n    _LOCAL.user = user\n\n# Bind User to a custom provider.\ninject.configure(lambda binder: binder.bind_to_provider(User, get_current_user))\n\n# Inject the current user.\n@inject.params(user=User)\ndef foo(user):\n    pass\n```\n\n## Links\n* Project: https://github.com/ivankorobkov/python-inject\n\n## License\nApache License 2.0\n\n## Contributers\n* Ivan Korobkov [@ivankorobkov](https://github.com/ivankorobkov)\n* Jaime Wyant [@jaimewyant](https://github.com/jaimewyant)\n* Sebastian Buczy\u0144ski [@Enforcer](https://github.com/Enforcer)\n* Oleksandr Fedorov [@Fedorof](https://github.com/Fedorof)\n* cselvaraj [@cselvaraj](https://github.com/cselvaraj)\n* \u9646\u96e8\u6674 [@SixExtreme](https://github.com/SixExtreme)\n* Andrew William Borba [@andrewborba10](https://github.com/andrewborba10)\n* jdmeyer3 [@jdmeyer3](https://github.com/jdmeyer3)\n* Alex Grover [@ajgrover](https://github.com/ajgrover)",
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